I am at a loss. I am so terrible at knife sharpening its not funny. Any experienced person's out there that have good experience? I dont know what I am doing wrong. I am pretty sure this one dummy knife that I have been practicing on is completely screwed up.
One word of warning--I've had a couple of knives that just don't want to sharpen. Not sure if it's the metal in them or what. (They are definitely cheaper knives.) Point being, practicing on complete garbage might cause frustration in and of itself.
Will slice paper and then when i try to make it sharper I lose the edge. I have no idea how much pressure I should be putting down when grinding against the stone. Should I be putting tons of pressure down or the lightest touch?
Lower grit can use more pressure, higher grit usually less. Harder stone may need a little more pressure, a softer stone less. You have to use enough to develop a slurry, but too much and you're either taking off metal excessively or wearing out the stone faster. (Obviously there may be time when you
want to take a lot of metal off.) Also the amount of metal (surfce area) in contact with the stone--more metal will need more pressure. If you're doing a big re-profile or thinning you may have a lot more metal in contact with the stone. If you're just trying to refine a compound bevel you would have much less metal in contact.
As far as losing the edge when trying to go sharper: If you can't control the angle well enough you may be destroying the edge as it gets finer and finer. Or using too much pressure?
How the heck do I know the angle is correct when knife manufacturers use different bevel edges?
Metal, and intended use. Look up the rockwell hardness (Rc) of your blade(s). Most western knife makers use steel with an Rc of 57 and below. What I've read is don't go beneath 18° (per side, or 36° inclusive) and skip the ultra-fine grits because the edge created won't hold up. Recommendations for kitchen use is usually between 18-21°.
But other composites/harder metals can take thinner angles (and higher grits) if desired. I think most japanese knives are 15° and all the way down to 10° in more specialized knives. But they're also usually an Rc of 58-60 (in the mass-produced brands like Shun or Global) and specialized metals/makers going into the 60s.
As far as use: thicker is more durable but might not be as sharp (certainly won't feel as sharp). So you might sharpen a pocket knife to something like 21-24° (or more), the idea being that you want a more durable edge because of the wider variety of materials you'd cut with it compared to a kitchen knife. Meat Cleavers are often done in the 24-25 range because of bone. You might go even fatter with axe/hatchet, fatter yet with a shovel, etc. That doesn't mean they can't be very sharp, but they'll feel different than a thinner edge. But there's no hard rules here. If you're just going to open mail or slice tape with that pocket knife, feel free to go thinner. But just know that metal hardness plays a key role in how long an edge can potentially last. (And how long it will take to get sharp--harder metals take longer to sharpen.)
So as far as manufacturers all doing slightly different things--you can either try to follow the original angle, or change it to what you want. If you go thinner than what is ideal for the metal (or use), just know you'll have to sharpen it up more often. If go thicker you may get a more durable edge that doesn't have quite the sharpness. After a bit of experimenting you'll find the sweet spot of performance, durability, and maintenance.