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The literature agrees with all this, the answer is “it depends” in many ways … on when, where, how, and which organisms are considered. Context-dependent is the usual caveat. The whole salmon-nutrient story eludes over-simplification.

Although nitrogen and phosphorus are necessary for algal productivity, it is also really helps to have limestone (i.e., calcium) somewhere in the bedrock for high insect productivity that feeds trout (e.g., Montana in map below, and notable areas in midwest and eastern US). The presence of...

Mercury 4 stroke 90 hp powerheads of that vintage were made by Yamaha

I can’t be the only person here who learned about the IBI from Jim Karr at U WA? Anyway, coarse compositional data from the paper noted above.

I fish HS rods 6 thru 10 wt, its the main single-hand salt/steel/salmon quiver that I accumulated in the late 90s. Your 2 pc is a little softer in the top than the more prevalent 4 pc. These rods are highly adaptable and will gladly cast the typical 1/2-overweighted modern lines. I use...

The enshrinement of corn ethanol as de facto national policy also occurred at this time, under the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007. Eventual transition to non-corn was stipulated, too, but has failed. An example where systemic change has failed to occur, even when legislated.

Frank Luntz

Little history: Corn ethanol was never intended as an end-game for biofuels, it was just a convenient starter crop, proof of concept. Corn was chosen because the crop breeding was mature, farmers could grow it, production / fermentation were scalable, and it was politically palatable. But...

Part of the high cost is lack of development of the product for 40-50 years. Likewise, sell fossil fuel for its real cost (someone elaborated on this in a prior post) and the 4x factor shrinks fast

I’m not sure that anyone is grounding flights because of CO2 emissions, but we’ve lost 40-50 years of progress towards alternatives in all sorts of ways because of big oil’s lies and obfuscation, and it is still an uphill battle. We know how to make jet fuel from logging slash piles, think of...

It is different because big oil actively and aggressively lied to the public on this issue. They knew fully of the climate threat of fossil fuels, their own scientists were on it since the 1970s. Yet their PR machine lied for decades and decades, said there was no threat, they lied about it to...

Really, jets? ok then https://biotechnologyforbiofuels.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13068-018-1141-9

If you don’t spin, the materials will eventually pull out. Spinning locks them into the thread. .

The video above at 55 mins shows the method I’ve used for bunny. I‘ve had various spinners and like the simplicity, heft and balance of the OPST spinner. I’ve seen a few DIY versions

This film gets points for opening and closing with words from Naomi Oreskes. Folks interested in the idea that big oil deflects the harm imposed by their products onto consumers, while actively lobbying our government / military for the status quo, should read her work. Here is one example...

unknown

Good hair day. Got 10 colors of kanekalon synthetic hair delivered, similar to Farrar material, a bit softer. Mixology begins.

A quick look at county tax maps shows which properties run to the river’s edge vs all way the river’s centerline. I‘d imagine that landowners who pay property taxes to the centerline of a river or all way across it would feel some ownership over the river bottom. I have no idea whether these...

Getting hung on the definition(s) of invasive isn’t the point. By some formal definition(s) the barred owls are certainly invading and invasive. They were not endemic to the PNW and their continental range expansion was facilitated by continental-scale habitat modification by people, settler...

I spent a lot of time in the 90s doing field research in Chile, all way down to TDF. The photos of Torres del Paine recall a night when the wind was so strong that it ripped our tent to literal shreds. Sure makes fly casting fun. It’s incredible how well salmonids have colonized...