The best bamboo for a whole-cane (versus split-cane) rods is the old standby Calcutta cane. It was first imported into Britain and America for fishing poles in the 1700's. The small diameter with relatively thick walls make them as unbreakable as modern materials; albeit, heavier. The amount of zig-zagging at the joints is minimal compared to other species.
When I was a kid, Calcutta canes could still be found at most tackle stores along the Gulf Coast . They were popular for sheephead and other types of cane pole fishing as well as a poor-man's blank to make a custom surf or pier rods. The raw Calcutta canes were about twenty feet long so you could choose your action and weight by using more or less of the tip section.
Calcutta cane (Dendrocalamus strictus) will grow in some warmer parts of the U.S. and you can occasionally acquire starter plants from serious bamboo collectors. Commercial quantities of Calcutta cane still come from India. The only U.S. source of imported and cured Calcutta cane poles seems to be Frank's Cane and Rush Supply in Huntington Beach, CA.